
"In 1889, Dr. O.W. Doe reported to the Obstetrical Society of Boston on the development of an infant resuscitator box by Dr. Egon Braun in Vienna. This early form of artificial respirator obtained a pressure seal by having the child's mouth pressed against a rubber diaphragm opening, while the rest of the body was entirely enclosed within the wooden box. The operator blew into the pipe to force the chest to compress, causing air to exhaust out of the pipe creating a suction that would expand the chest. This provided life-saving artificial respiration."
more:
http://historical.hsl.virginia.edu/ironlung/pg2.cfm.